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In nations embracing democracy or military governance, safeguarding the mental well-being of citizens is imperative for fostering resilience, realizing potential, facilitating learning and productivity, and promoting community engagement.
The emergence of Mental Health Awareness Month, celebrated every May, underscores the prioritization of mental health among citizens. Originating in the United States in 1949, the month is marked by various initiatives, including media campaigns, local events, and film screenings.
The purpose of its observance was to underscore the importance of mental health to the government and ensure the well-being of its citizens mental health.
In Nigeria, the mental health of its youth is influenced by various factors, including social and economic conditions, as well as cultural attitudes.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Nigeria is facing a significant mental health crisis, with millions of its citizens suffering from diverse mental disorders.
WHO estimates that a staggering 20% of Nigerians, approximately 40 million people, are impacted by mental illness.
Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental illnesses in Nigeria. In 2017, about 7 million Nigerians (3.9% of the population) experienced depressive disorders, while 4.9 million Nigerians (2.7%) had anxiety disorders. Additionally, substance abuse disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders are common in Nigeria.
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Unemployment and economic insecurity
With a population of approximately 200 million, Nigeria’s largest demographic segment comprises its youth, who are grappling with mental health issues exacerbated by unemployment.
The country faces a significant challenge of high youth unemployment rates, resulting in feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and anxiety regarding the future.
In pursuit of employment opportunities, many youths have opted to migrate abroad in search of better prospects, a trend that is unlikely to diminish until addressed comprehensively.
Poverty
Another significant factor contributing to the deterioration of Nigerians’ mental health is poverty, which serves as a major stressor, hindering access to fundamental necessities such as food and shelter.
The rise in commodity prices and soaring fuel costs exacerbate the daily struggles of poverty, exerting relentless pressure that adversely affects mental well-being.
Educational limitations
Numerous Nigerians contend with mental health challenges due to unequal access to quality education, resulting in limited opportunities and fostering feelings of frustration and a lack of control over their future.
Limited access to mental health services
Moreover, the restricted availability of specialists in this field exacerbates the situation. When young individuals seek assistance, they encounter a shortage of qualified mental health professionals and accessible services, particularly in regions beyond major urban centers.
This scarcity of experts stems from the brain drain that has affected the country’s healthcare sector.
Social unrest and violence
Exposure to violence, crime, and social unrest has significantly impacted the mental well-being of many Nigerian youths, such as those who witness incidents of jungle justice and killings.Ā
Moreover, the disruptions caused by the pandemic to education, social interaction, and economic opportunities have further intensified mental health challenges among young Nigerians.
Given the multitude of factors that can influence mental health, the Nigerian government and the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare must address them proactively.
Although these issues and experiences are complex and may vary depending on individual circumstances, it is the government’s responsibility to find solutions to mitigate their effects.
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