The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on Tuesday arrested Aisha Achimugu, managing director and CEO of Felak Concept Group, at the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport in Abuja.
She was taken in around 5am shortly after arriving from London.
Achimugu had earlier been declared wanted by the EFCC over an alleged money laundering case.
The anti-graft agency took her into custody a day after a federal high court in Abuja ordered her to appear before the commission.
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The court, led by Justice Inyang Ekwo, gave the directive following a legal suit filed by Achimugu herself, where she requested the court to stop security agencies from arresting or harassing her.
In response to the court order, her legal team had informed the judge that she would willingly return to Nigeria on April 29 and present herself to the EFCC.
They also urged the court to allow her to continue under the bail terms previously granted by the commission.
The EFCC, however, countered this move, stating that Achimugu had not followed the terms of the initial administrative bail.
The agency also dismissed the claim that her rights were violated, saying the concerns raised were based on assumptions rather than actual incidents.
Following her arrest, Achimugu reportedly began a hunger strike while in custody.
Her legal representative made comparisons to known political detainees, describing her as a prisoner of conscience, though no further details were given about her condition or next steps.
The EFCC is expected to present her before the federal high court on Wednesday as part of ongoing investigations into the case.